Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020

Authors

  • Jeff Ollerton University of Northampton, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-8235
  • Judith Trunschke Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2688-7992
  • Kayri Havens Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-1856
  • Patricia Landaverde-González General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
  • Alexander Keller Cellular and Organismic Networks, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-3634
  • Amy-Marie Gilpin Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-5678
  • André Rodrigo Rech Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Faculdade Interdisciplinar em Humanidades https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-7483
  • Gudryan J. Baronio Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências (IB-USP), Departamento de Ecologia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-9168
  • Benjamin J. Phillips University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-029X
  • Chris Mackin School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-7699
  • Dara A. Stanley School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-8409
  • Erin Treanore Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-0395
  • Ellen Baker University of Oxford, Department of Zoology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-958X
  • Ellen L. Rotheray School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex
  • Emily Erickson Department of Entomology, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, Pennsylvania State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-4186
  • Felix Fornoff Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-7153
  • Francis Q. Brearley Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-5693
  • Gavin Ballantyne School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7494-0642
  • Graziella Iossa Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-4361
  • Graham N. Stone Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh
  • Ignasi Bartomeus Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-4389
  • Jenni A. Stockan Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-9010
  • Johana Leguizamón Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-5986
  • Kit Prendergast Curtin University School of Molecular & Life Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-6099
  • Lisa Rowley Wildlife Trust BCN
  • Manuela Giovanetti CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment
  • Raquel de Oliveira Bueno Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
  • Renate A. Wesselingh Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth & Life Institute, UCLouvain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-2255
  • Rachel Mallinger Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-1710
  • Sally Edmondson
  • Scarlett R. Howard 1) School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. 2) Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-5409
  • Sara D. Leonhardt Plant-Insect Interactions, Technical University of Munich https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8154-9569
  • Sandra V. Rojas-Nossa Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo
  • Maisie Brett School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol
  • Tatiana Joaqui Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-4657
  • Reuber Antoniazzi Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0052-3867
  • Victoria J. Burton Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-3292
  • Hui-Hui Feng Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences
  • Zhi-Xi Tian Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences
  • Qi Xu Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences
  • Chuan Zhang Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences
  • Chang-Li Shi Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences
  • Shuang-Quan Huang Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University
  • Lorna J. Cole Integrated Land Management, SRUC https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-0530
  • Leila Bendifallah Université M'hamed Bougara de Boumerdes, Faculté des Sciences
  • Emilie E. Ellis Department of Animal and Plant Science, The University of Sheffield https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-3353
  • Stein Joar Hegland Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
  • Sara Straffon Díaz Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino
  • Tonya Allen Lander University of Oxford, Dept. Plant Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-9973
  • Antonia V. Mayr 1) University of Ulm, Institut of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics 2) University of Würzburg, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-7490
  • Richard Dawson
  • Maxime Eeraerts Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University
  • W. Scott Armbruster 1) School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth 2) Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4116
  • Becky Walton Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre
  • Noureddine Adjlane Département d’Agronomie, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Bioinformatique, Microbiologie Appliquée et Biomolécules (BMAB), Université M'Hamed Bougara de Boumerdès https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-2968
  • Steven Falk
  • Luis Mata School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-8666
  • Anya Goncalves Geiger Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience (CAWR) Coventry University
  • Claire Carvell UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
  • Claire Wallace University of East Anglia
  • Fabrizia Ratto 1) School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds 2) Department of Health Studies, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway, University of London https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-4379
  • Marta Barberis Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-4760
  • Fay Kahane Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-4700
  • Stuart Connop Sustainability Research Institute (SRI), University of East London https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3050-7649
  • Anthonie Stip Dutch Butterfly Conservation
  • Maria Rosangela Sigrist Laboratório de Polinização, Reprodução e Fenologia de Plantas (LPRF)/InBio, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
  • Nicolas J. Vereecken Agroecology Lab CP 264/02, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
  • Alexandra-Maria Klein Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-8575
  • Katherine Baldock Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-8747
  • Sarah E. J. Arnold 1) Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich 2) Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7345-0529

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)695

Keywords:

bees, flowers, gardens, hummingbirds, insects, nature in cities, pollinators, species interactions, urban ecology

Abstract

During the main COVID-19 global pandemic lockdown period of 2020 an impromptu set of pollination ecologists came together via social media and personal contacts to carry out standardised surveys of the flower visits and plants in gardens. The surveys involved 67 rural, suburban and urban gardens, of various sizes, ranging from 61.18° North in Norway to 37.96° South in Australia, resulting in a data set of 25,174 rows, with each row being a unique interaction record for that date/site/plant species, and comprising almost 47,000 visits to flowers, as well as records of flowers that were not visited by pollinators, for over 1,000 species and varieties belonging to more than 460 genera and 96 plant families. The more than 650 species of flower visitors belong to 12 orders of invertebrates and four of vertebrates. In this first publication from the project, we present a brief description of the data and make it freely available for any researchers to use in the future, the only restriction being that they cite this paper in the first instance. The data generated from these global surveys will provide scientific evidence to help us understand the role that private gardens (in urban, rural and suburban areas) can play in conserving insect pollinators and identify management actions to enhance their potential.

Author Biographies

Jeff Ollerton, University of Northampton, UK

 

 

Judith Trunschke, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan

 

 

Kayri Havens, Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden

 

 

Patricia Landaverde-González, General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

 

 

Alexander Keller, Cellular and Organismic Networks, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

 

 

Amy-Marie Gilpin, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University

 

 

André Rodrigo Rech, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Faculdade Interdisciplinar em Humanidades

 

 

Gudryan J. Baronio, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências (IB-USP), Departamento de Ecologia

 

 

Benjamin J. Phillips, University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute

 

 

Chris Mackin, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex

 

 

Dara A. Stanley, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin

 

 

Erin Treanore, Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University

 

 

Ellen Baker, University of Oxford, Department of Zoology

 

 

Ellen L. Rotheray, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex

 

 

Emily Erickson, Department of Entomology, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, Pennsylvania State University

 

 

Felix Fornoff, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg

 

 

Francis Q. Brearley, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University

 

 

Gavin Ballantyne, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University

 

 

Graziella Iossa, Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln

 

 

Graham N. Stone, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh

 

 

Ignasi Bartomeus, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC)

 

 

Jenni A. Stockan, Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute

 

 

Johana Leguizamón, Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia

 

 

Kit Prendergast, Curtin University School of Molecular & Life Sciences

 

 

Lisa Rowley, Wildlife Trust BCN

 

 

Manuela Giovanetti, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment

 

 

Raquel de Oliveira Bueno, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

 

 

Renate A. Wesselingh, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth & Life Institute, UCLouvain

 

 

Rachel Mallinger, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

 

 

Sally Edmondson

 

 

Scarlett R. Howard, 1) School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. 2) Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University

 

 

Sara D. Leonhardt, Plant-Insect Interactions, Technical University of Munich

 

 

Sandra V. Rojas-Nossa, Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo

 

 

Maisie Brett, School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol

 

 

Tatiana Joaqui, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University

 

 

Reuber Antoniazzi, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University

 

 

Victoria J. Burton, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum

 

 

Hui-Hui Feng, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences

 

 

Zhi-Xi Tian, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences

 

 

Qi Xu, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences

 

 

Chuan Zhang, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences

 

 

Chang-Li Shi, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences

 

 

Shuang-Quan Huang, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University

 

 

Lorna J. Cole, Integrated Land Management, SRUC

 

 

Leila Bendifallah, Université M'hamed Bougara de Boumerdes, Faculté des Sciences

 

 

Emilie E. Ellis, Department of Animal and Plant Science, The University of Sheffield

 

 

Stein Joar Hegland, Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences

 

 

Sara Straffon Díaz, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino

 

 

Tonya Allen Lander, University of Oxford, Dept. Plant Sciences

 

 

Antonia V. Mayr, 1) University of Ulm, Institut of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics 2) University of Würzburg, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology

 

 

Richard Dawson

 

 

Maxime Eeraerts, Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University

 

 

W. Scott Armbruster, 1) School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth 2) Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks

 

 

Becky Walton, Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre

 

 

Noureddine Adjlane, Département d’Agronomie, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Bioinformatique, Microbiologie Appliquée et Biomolécules (BMAB), Université M'Hamed Bougara de Boumerdès

 

 

Steven Falk

 

 

Luis Mata, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne

 

 

Anya Goncalves Geiger, Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience (CAWR) Coventry University

 

 

Claire Carvell, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology

 

 

Claire Wallace, University of East Anglia

 

 

Fabrizia Ratto, 1) School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds 2) Department of Health Studies, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway, University of London

 

 

Marta Barberis, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna

 

 

Fay Kahane, Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter

 

 

Stuart Connop, Sustainability Research Institute (SRI), University of East London

 

 

Anthonie Stip, Dutch Butterfly Conservation

 

 

Maria Rosangela Sigrist, Laboratório de Polinização, Reprodução e Fenologia de Plantas (LPRF)/InBio, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

 

 

Nicolas J. Vereecken, Agroecology Lab CP 264/02, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

 

 

Alexandra-Maria Klein, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg

 

 

Katherine Baldock, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University

 

 

Sarah E. J. Arnold, 1) Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich 2) Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology

 

 

References

Baldock KCR (2020) Opportunities and threats for pollinator conservation in global towns and cities. Current Opinion in Insect Science 38:63-71.

Baldock KCR, Goddard MA, Hicks DM, Kunin WE, Mitschunas N, Osgathorpe LM, Morse H, Potts SG, Robertson KM, Scott AV, Staniczenko PPA, Stone GN, Vaughan IP, Memmott J (2019) A systems approach reveals urban pollinator hotspots and conservation opportunities. Nature Ecology and Evolution 3:363-373.

Bendifallah L, Ortiz-Sánchez FJ (2018) Flowering plants preferred by native wild bees (Hymenoptera Apoidea Apiformes) in Algerian littoral region. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 10:172-190.

Camps-Calvet M, Langemeyer J, Calvet-Mir L, Gomez-Baggethun E (2016) Ecosystem services provided by urban gardens in Barcelona Spain: insights for policy and planning. Environmental Science and Policy 62:14–23.

Carvell C, Isaac NJB, Jitlal M, Peyton J, Powney GD, Roy DB, Vanbergen AJ, O’Connor RS, Jones CM, Kunin WE, Breeze TD, Garratt MPD, Potts SG, Harvey M, Ansine J, Comont RF, Lee P, Edwards M, Roberts SPM, Morris RKA, Musgrove AJ, Brereton T, Hawes C, Roy HE (2016) Design and Testing of a National Pollinator and Pollination Monitoring Framework. Final summary report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Scottish Government and Welsh Government: Project WC1101.

Corbet SA, Bee J, Dasmahapatra K, Gale S, Gorringe E, La Ferla B, Moorhouse T, Trevail A, Van Bergen Y, Vorontsova M (2001) Native or exotic? Double or single? Evaluating plants for pollinator-friendly gardens. Annals of Botany 87:219–232.

Davies ZG, Fuller RA, Loram A, Irvine KN, Sims V, Gaston KJ (2009) A national scale inventory of resource provision for biodiversity within domestic gardens. Biological Conservation 142:761–771.

Erenler H (2013) The diversity of pollinators in the gardens of large English country houses. PhD thesis, University of Northampton.

Foster G, Bennett J, Sparks T (2017) An assessment of bumblebee (Bombus spp.) land use and floral preference in UK gardens and allotments cultivated for food. Urban Ecosystems 20:425–434.

Garbuzov M, Ratnieks FLW (2014) Quantifying variation among garden plants in attractiveness to bees and other flower-visiting insects. Functional Ecology 28:364-374.

Giovanetti M, Giuliani C, Boff S, Fico G, Lupi D (2020) A botanic garden as a tool to combine public perception of nature and life-science investigations on native/exotic plants interactions with local pollinators. PloS ONE 15(2) e0228965.

Klein A-M, Vaissière BE, Cane JH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Tscharntke T (2007) Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 274:303–313.

Levé M, Baudry E, Bessa-Gomes C (2019) Domestic gardens as favorable pollinator habitats in impervious landscapes. Science of the Total Environment 647:420-430.

Majewska AA, Altizer S (2020) Planting gardens to support insect pollinators. Conservation Biology 34:15-25.

Marín L, Martínez-Sánchez ME, Sagot P, Navarrete D, Morales H (2019) Floral visitors in urban gardens and natural areas: Diversity and interaction networks in a neotropical urban landscape. Basic and Applied Ecology 43:3-15.

Maruyama PK, Bonizário C, Marcon AP, D’Angelo G, da Silva MM, da Silva Neto EN, Oliveira PE, Sazima I, Sazima M, Vizentin-Bugoni J, dos Anjos L, Rui AM, Marçal Júnior O (2019) Plant-hummingbird interaction networks in urban areas: Generalization and the importance of trees with specialized flowers as a nectar resource for pollinator conservation. Biological Conservation 230:187–194.

Mata L, Andersen A, Morán-Ordóñez A, Hahs A, Backstrom A, Ives C, Bickel D, Duncan D, Palma E, Thomas F, Cranney K, Walker K, Shears I, Semeraro L, Malipatil M, Moir M, Plein M, Porch N, Vesk P, Smith T, Lynch Y (2021) Indigenous plants promote insect biodiversity in urban greenspaces. Ecological Applications 31:e02309.

Matteson KC, Ascher JS, Langellotto GA (2008) Bee richness and abundance in New York City urban gardens. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101:140–150.

Millard J, Outhwaite CL, Kinnersley R, Freeman R, Gregory RD, Adedoja O, Gavini S, Kioko E, Kuhlmann M, Ollerton J, Ren Z-X, Newbold T (2021) Global effects of land-use intensity on local pollinator biodiversity. Nature Communications 12, 2902 https://doi.org/101038/s41467-021-23228-3.

Norfolk O, Eichhorn M, Gilbert F (2013) Traditional agricultural gardens conserve wild plants and functional richness in arid South Sinai. Basic and Applied Ecology 14:659-669.

Norfolk O, Eichhorn M, Gilbert F (2014) Culturally valuable minority crops provide successional resources for flower visitors in orchard gardens. Biodiversity and Conservation 23:3199-3217.

Ollerton J (2017) Pollinator diversity: distribution ecological function and conservation. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 48:353–376.

Ollerton J (2021) Pollinators & Pollination: Nature and Society Pelagic Publishing, Exeter.

Ollerton J, Tarrant S, Winfree R (2011) How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos 120:321–326.

Owen J (2010) Wildlife of a Garden: A Thirty-Year Study. Royal Horticultural Society, Peterborough.

Pardee GL, Philpott SM (2014) Native plants are the bee’s knees: local and landscape predictors of bee richness and abundance in backyard gardens. Urban Ecosystems 17:641–659.

Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends impacts and drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25:345–353.

Prendergast KS (2021) Natural history note: Urban domestic gardens support nesting populations of the native bee Leioproctus (Leioproctus) plumosus. Austral Ecology 47:131-136.

Prendergast KS, Ollerton J (2021) Plant-pollinator networks in Australian urban bushland remnants are not structurally equivalent to those in residential gardens. Urban Ecosystems 24:973–987.

Prendergast KS, Dixon KW, Bateman PW (2022) A global review of determinants of native bee assemblages in urbanised landscapes. Insect Conservation and Diversity 15:385-405. https://doiorg/101111/icad12569.

Rodger JG, Bennett JM, Razanajatovo M, Knight TM, van Kleunen M, Ashman T-LJ, Steets A, Hui C, Arceo-Gómez G, Burd M, Burkle LA, Burns JH, Durka W, Freitas L, Kemp JE, Li J, Pauw A, Vamosi JC, Wolowski M, Xia J, Ellis AG (2021) Widespread vulnerability of plant seed production to pollinator declines. Science Advances 7:eabd3524. doi: org/101126/sciadvabd3524.

Rollings R, Goulson D (2019) Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers for pollinators. Journal of Insect Conservation 23:803–817

Rotheray EL, Rotheray GE (2021) The puparium and development site of Rhingia rostrata (Linnaeus) and comparison with R. campestris Meigen (Diptera Syrphidae). Dipterists Digest 28:127-134.

Salisbury A, Armitage J, Bostock H, Perry J, Tatchell M, Thompson K (2015) Enhancing gardens as habitats for flower-visiting aerial insects (pollinators): should we plant native or exotic species? Journal of Applied Ecology 52:1156–1164.

Staab M, Pereira-Peixoto MH, Klein AM 2020 Exotic garden plants partly substitute for native plants as resources for pollinators when native plants become seasonally scarce. Oecologia 194:465-480.

Tew NE, Memmott J. Vaughan IP, Bird S, Stone GN, Potts SG, Baldock KCR (2021) Quantifying nectar production by flowering plants in urban and rural landscapes. Journal of Ecology 109:1747-1757.

Tew NE, Baldock KCR, Vaughan IP, Bird S, Memmott J (2022) Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens. Journal of Applied Ecology 59:801-811.

Theodorou P, Radzevičiūtė R, Lentendu G, Kahnt B, Husemann M, Bleidorn C, Settele J, Schweiger O, Grosse I, Wubet T, Murray TE, Paxton RJ (2020) Urban areas as hotspots for bees and pollination but not a panacea for all insects. Nature Communications 11, 576 https://doi.org/101038/s41467-020-14496-6.

Downloads

Published

2022-07-27

How to Cite

Ollerton, J., Trunschke, J. ., Havens, K. ., Landaverde-González, P. ., Keller, A. ., Gilpin, A.-M. ., … Arnold, S. E. J. . (2022). Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 32, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)695

Issue

Vol. 32 (2022)

Section

Noteworthy Data Sets

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Jeff Ollerton, Judith Trunschke, Kayri Havens, Patricia Landaverde-González, Alexander Keller, Amy-Marie Gilpin, André Rodrigo Rech, Gudryan J. Baronio, Benjamin J. Phillips, Chris Mackin, Dara A. Stanley, Erin Treanore, Ellen Baker, Ellen L. Rotheray, Emily Erickson, Felix Fornoff, Francis Q. Brearley, Gavin Ballantyne, Graziella Iossa, Graham N. Stone, Ignasi Bartomeus, Jenni A. Stockan, Johana Leguizamón, Kit Prendergast, Lisa Rowley, Manuela Giovanetti, Raquel de Oliveira Bueno, Renate A. Wesselingh, Rachel Mallinger, Sally Edmondson, Scarlett R. Howard, Sara D. Leonhardt, Sandra V. Rojas-Nossa, Maisie Brett, Tatiana Joaqui, Reuber Antoniazzi, Victoria J. Burton, Hui-Hui Feng, Zhi-Xi Tian, Qi Xu, Chuan Zhang, Chang-Li Shi, Shuang-Quan Huang, Lorna J. Cole, Leila Bendifallah, Emilie E. Ellis, Stein Joar Hegland, Sara Straffon Díaz, Tonya Allen Lander, Antonia V. Mayr, Richard Dawson, Maxime Eeraerts, W. Scott Armbruster, Becky Walton, Noureddine Adjlane, Steven Falk, Luis Mata, Anya Goncalves Geiger, Claire Carvell, Claire Wallace, Fabrizia Ratto, Marta Barberis, Fay Kahane, Stuart Connop, Anthonie Stip, Maria Rosangela Sigrist, Nicolas J. Vereecken, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Katherine Baldock, Sarah E. J. Arnold

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>