@article{Montgomery_Phillips_2015, title={Breeding system of Linum rigidum and effect of heterospecific pollen from introduced Euphorbia esula}, volume={16}, url={https://pollinationecology.org/index.php/jpe/article/view/331}, DOI={10.26786/1920-7603(2015)13}, abstractNote={This study investigates the reproductive biology of, and effect of heterospecific pollen from introduced <em>Euphorbia esula</em> on, <em>Linum rigidum</em>, an annual plant native to western and central North America. Breeding-system studies revealed that <em>L. rigidum</em> is self-compatible, with similar pollination success, fruit set and seed set for flowers pollinated with self or outcrossed pollen. Untreated flowers not exposed to pollinators set seed, albeit at a lower rate than hand-pollinated flowers, indicating that <em>L. rigidum </em>can autonomously self pollinate. Experiments investigating whether heterospecific pollen transfer from <em>E. esula</em> interferes with pollination of <em>L. rigidum </em>indicated that large amounts of heterospecific pollen receipt 2 - 4 hours prior to conspecifc pollen receipt reduced fruit and seed production, but that small amounts of heterospecific<em> </em>pollen or larger amounts received immediately prior to conspecific pollen did not affect reproduction. Pollen of <em>E. esula</em> was observed to germinate on and penetrate into <em>L. rigidum</em> stigmas and styles. Nevertheless, <em>Euphorbia esula</em> is unlikely to interfere with <em>L. rigidum</em>’s reproduction because <em>L. rigidum</em> is self-compatible, capable of autonomous self-pollination, and unaffected by receipt of small amounts of <em>Euphorbia</em> pollen.}, journal={Journal of Pollination Ecology}, author={Montgomery, Benjamin R and Phillips, Caleb W.}, year={2015}, month={Jul.}, pages={101–107} }